Senate Health Reform Bill

On March 23, 2010, President Obama signed into law the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, health reform legislation that was approved by Congress. 

Scroll down to read the language of the legislation and the manager's amendment, which were both approved the U.S. Senate on December 24, 2009, and the U.S. House of Representatives on March 21, 2010.  You can also read the text of the the reconciliation bill that will be debated in the U.S. Senate.  Also, scroll down to read the immediate benefits from the health reform bill.

Complete Text of the Bill

Click here to download a copy of the "Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act," or read it below:

Senate Health Care Bill: Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

Manager's Amendment

Click here to download a copy of the manager's amendment, as introduced on December 19 and included in the health reform legislation that was approved by Congress, or read it below:

Senate Health Reform Bill: Manager's Amendment

Reconciliation Bill

Here is the reconciliation bill that was approved by the U.S. House of Representatives on March 21, 2010, and will be debated in the U.S. Senate:

Health Care Reconciliation Bill

CBO Cost Estimate

On March 20, 2010, the Congressional Budget Office released its cost estimate for the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, which was approved by both the House and Senate. Their analysis concluded that the health reform bill will cost $948 billion, reduce the deficit of $143 billion in the first ten years and extend coverage to 32 million Americans.

CBO Cost Estimate of Senate Health Reform Bill

CBO Estimate on Insurance Premiums

On November 30, the Congressional Budget Office released its analysis on the impact of the health reform bill on insurance premiums. The analysis shows that the measure would reduce or not change insurance premiums for a majority of Americans. According to the Washington Post:

The CBO said the legislation would lead to higher average premiums in the relatively small and troubled individual market, where the self-employed and others buy coverage directly from insurers. But that extra cost would buy better coverage, the CBO said, and hefty federal subsidies would drive down payments by nearly 60 percent on average for low- and middle-income families.

You can read the CBO analysis below:

CBO Analysis of Insurance Premiums

Immediate Benefits

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act includes health insurance market reforms that will bring immediate benefits to millions of Americans, including those who currently have coverage. The Managers’ Amendment to the bill includes even more early benefits for Americans, and the following benefits will be available in the first year after enactment of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.

Access to Affordable Coverage for the Uninsured with Pre-existing Conditions

  • The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act will provide $5 billion in immediate federal support for a new program to provide affordable coverage to uninsured Americans with pre-existing conditions. This provision is effective 90 days after enactment, and coverage under this program will continue until new Exchanges are operational in 2014.

Access to Quality Care for Vulnerable Populations

  • The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act makes an immediate and substantial investment in Community Health Centers to provide the funding needed to expand access to health care in communities where it is needed most. This $10 billion investment begins in 2010 and extends for five years.

No Pre-existing Coverage Exclusions for Children

  • The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act eliminates pre-existing condition exclusions for all Americans beginning in 2014, when the Exchanges are operational. Recognizing the special vulnerability of children, the Managers’ Amendment prohibits health insurers from excluding coverage of pre-existing conditions for children, effective six months after enactment and applying to all new plans.

Re-insurance for Retiree Health Benefit Plans

  • The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act will create immediate access to re-insurance for employer health plans providing coverage for early retirees, effective 90 days after enactment. This re-insurance will help protect coverage while reducing premiums for employers and retirees. 

Closing the Coverage Gap in the Medicare (Part D) Drug Benefit

  • The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act will reduce the size of the “donut hole,” raising the ceiling on the initial coverage period by $500 in 2010.
  • The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act will also guarantee 50 percent price discounts on brand-name drugs and biologics purchased by low and middle-income beneficiaries in the coverage gap, beginning July 1, 2010.

Small Business Tax Credits

  • The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act will offer tax credits to small businesses beginning in 2010 to make employee coverage more affordable.
  • Tax credits of up to 35 percent of premiums will be immediately available to firms that choose to offer coverage; later, when Exchanges are operational, tax credits will be up to 50 percent of premiums. The full credit will be available to firms with 10 or fewer employees with average annual wages of $25,000, while firms with up to 25 or fewer employees and average annual wages of up to $50,000 will also be eligible for the credit.

Ensuring Value for Premium Payments

  • The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act will establish standards for insurance overhead and require public disclosure to ensure that enrollees get value for their premium dollars. The Managers’ Amendment tightened these standards, requiring plans in the individual and small group market to spend 80 percent of premium dollars on clinical services and quality activities, and 85 percent for plans in the large group market. Health insurance plans that do not meet these thresholds will provide rebates to their policyholders. This provision takes effect in 2011 and applies to all plans, including grandfathered plans, with the exception of self-insured plans.

Patient Protections

  • The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act protects patients’ choice of doctors by allowing plan members to pick any participating primary care provider, prohibiting insurers from requiring prior authorization before and woman sees an ob-gyn, and ensuring access to emergency care. This provision takes effect six months after enactment and applies to all new plans.

Extension of Dependent Coverage for Young Adults

  • The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act will require insurers to permit children to stay on family policies until age 26. This provision takes effect six months after enactment and applies to all new plans.

Free Prevention Benefits

  • The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act will require coverage of prevention and wellness benefits and exempt these benefits from deductibles and other cost-sharing requirements in public and private insurance coverage. This provision takes effect six months after enactment and applies to all new plans.
  • Beginning on January 1, 2011, Medicare beneficiaries will receive a free, annual wellness visit and will have all cost-sharing waived for prevention services.

No Lifetime Limits on Coverage

  • The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act will prohibit insurers from imposing lifetime limits on benefits. This provision takes effect six months after enactment and applies to all new plans.

Restricted Annual Limits on Coverage

  • The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act will tightly restrict insurance companies’ use of annual limits to ensure access to needed care, effective six months after enactment for all new health plans. These tight restrictions will be defined by the Secretary of Health and Human Services. When the Exchanges are operational, the use of annual limits will be banned.

Protection from Rescissions of Existing Coverage

  • The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act will stop insurers from rescinding insurance when claims are filed, except in cases of fraud or intentional misrepresentation of material fact. This provision takes effect six months after enactment and applies to all new plans.

Prohibits Discrimination Based on Salary

  • The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act will prohibit group health plans from establishing any eligibility rules for health care coverage that have the effect of discriminating in favor of higher wage employees. This provision takes effect six months after enactment and applies to group health plans.

Public Access to Comparable Information on Insurance Options

  • The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act will enable creation of a new website to provide information on and facilitate informed consumer choice of insurance options.

Health Insurance Consumer Information

  • The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act will provide assistance to States in establishing offices of health insurance consumer assistance or health insurance ombudsman programs to assist individuals with the filing of complaints and appeals, enrollment in a health plan, and, eventually, to assist consumers with resolving problems with tax credit eligibility. This provision is effective beginning with fiscal year 2010.

Appeals Process

  • Under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, all new health plans will implement, within six months of enactment, an effective process for appeals of coverage determinations and claims. And, states will provide an external appeals process to ensure an independent review.